![]() ![]() In Brittany it is said that a third of those civilians killed in reprisals were women. Yet resistance groups could also be merciless towards women. Quite a few had been petty collaborators themselves, and sought to divert attention from their own lack of resistance credentials. But many of the tondeurs, the head-shavers, were not members of the resistance. It may seem strange that head-shaving, essentially a rightwing phenomenon, should have become so widespread during the leftist liberation euphoria in France in 1944. (The most famous victim in fiction is Maria, the lover of Robert Jordan in Hemingway's For Whom the Bell Tolls.) #HEADS ON DISPLAY IN PARIS FREE#Those on the extreme right had convinced themselves that the left believed in free love. And during the second world war, the Nazi state issued orders that German women accused of sleeping with non-Aryans or foreign prisoners employed on farms should also be publicly punished in this way.Īlso during the Spanish civil war, Falangists had shaved the heads of women from republican families, treating them as if they were prostitutes. After French troops occupied the Rhineland in 1923, German women who had relations with them later suffered the same fate. Shaving women's heads as a mark of retribution and humiliation was reintroduced in the 20th century. During the middle ages, this mark of shame, denuding a woman of what was supposed to be her most seductive feature, was commonly a punishment for adultery. In Europe, the practice dated back to the dark ages, with the Visigoths. The punishment of shaving a woman's head had biblical origins. It is impossible to forget Robert Capa's fallen-Madonna image of a shaven-headed young woman, cradling her baby, implicitly the result of a relationship with a German soldier. These show the fate of women accused of "collaboration horizontale". But among the cheering images there are also shocking ones. You can switch it off in a sub-menu if it’s not for you, but it’s far less intrusive than you may think, and injects a little wow factor.T he 65th anniversary of the D-day landings this week is an occasion to revisit joyful pictures of the liberation of France in 1944. It’s all seamless, becoming a useful part of the driving technology you’d naturally use on every trip. ![]() Sorry, the correct lane…Ĭruise and collision assist mark where other players are. At the end, a blue flag marks your finish line.Īn orange line glows to project the path of your deviation from the main story quest. Once a nav route is set, blue arrows guide the way. Thankfully, we didn’t have to test that last detail. For instance, a red bar will flash if the sytem thinks you’re about to crash into the vehicle in front. The cameras used for adaptive cruise and collision avoidance also contribute, by helping you get a clear idea of your positioning in relation to other road users. When you arrive, a glowing blue flag marks your finishing point.Īlso, if you start to stray from your lane, the lane-keep assistance system talks to the AR-HUD to present a glowing orange marker to highlight your error, accompanied by vibrations from the steering wheel. If you set a navigation route, for example, then as you approach a junction a large virtual blue arrow will appear in front of you, zooming closer towards you as you drive up to and through the junction. It’s clever because it works with the car’s navigation and driver-assistance systems. It’s the ‘far-range’ window that’s the clever bit. The ‘near-range’ display works exactly like a normal HUD, giving you your speed and driving data at a glance. The information you see appears to be 10 metres ahead of you, and comes in two forms. So instead of a small image being beamed on to the windscreen to show essential information, an AR-HUD’s virtual display area is much larger, with a ‘picture generation unit’ built into the panel on top of the dashboard, and a separate AR creator built into the car’s central computers. If you’ve experienced a non-AR head-up display, it will seem like an evolved version of that. Mercedes has it on the latest S-Class, too, as does Hyundai on the new Ioniq 5. Audi’s Q4 e-Tron and the Cupra Born (which is the same as the ID.3 underneath) will both use AR-HUD when they go on sale later in 2021. In the case of the ID.3, that’s Tech and above, and for the ID.4 you need top-spec Max. While available as part of an option pack on either of these models in Europe, the system is built into certain trims as standard in the UK. VW’s new ID.3 and ID.4 can be had with this technology, clunkily called an augmented-reality head-up display (AR-HUD), with those two new EVs being the cheapest way into the tech. ![]()
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